Classical Martial Titles In Danzan-Ryu

Ranks and titles in martial arts fall into a couple of categories. Most often, modern martial arts use the system popularized by Judo's founder Jigaro Kano. This is known as the "Kyu-Dan" system and incorporates colored belts indicating the Kyu 級 ranks; those below black belt. The Dan 段 ranks are the black belt ranks. Another system is most often seen in classical japanese martial arts and is sometimes called the Menkyo, or license system. This includes ranks that reflect the student's level of technique mastery with such titles as Oku Iri 奥入 (entering the depths), Sho Mokuroku 初目録 (initial catalog) and Go Mokuroku 後目録 (further catalog). The Danzan-Ryu Jujutsu 檀山流柔術 system primarily employs the Kyu-Dan scheme for indicating rank, but there is an exception to this.

Recently, the 2013 Kodenkan Jujitsu Okugi® class was taught to about 60 Danzan-Ryu black belt instructors by Professor Tony Janovich. This class had previously been held in 1993 and 2003. Along with his teacher, the late Professor Sig Kufferath, Professor Janovich designed this course based on the special black belt course taught in 1948 by Danzan-Ryu founder, Professor Henry S. Okazaki. This 1948 class was attended by Sig Kufferath. As in Professor Okazaki's class, the later classes instructed the attendees to the Danzan-Ryu Jujutsu curriculum, including the higher level techniques of Shinnin No Maki, Shinyo No Maki and Shingen No Maki. At the end of this class, the graduates received a certificate of complete transmission, known as a Kaidensho 皆傳證. Depending upon their level, each of the graduates received a formal title of either: Renshi 錬士, Kyoshi 教師, Shihan 師範, and starting in 2003 included Hanshi 範士, and in 2013 Dai Shihan 大師範. After this latest class some of the graduates were interested in the meaning of these titles and this article will shed some light on this.

Renshi: The initial title awarded to some graduates is called Renshi and the Japanese kanji for this term is 錬士. Most often this title is defined as "trainer". The characters for this are Ren 錬 meaning "to refine, temper or polish" and Shi 士.meaning "gentleman" or even "Samurai". I would suggest that the Renshi can be thought of as one who refines and hones the student's skill. Looking deeper at the character for Ren, the left side is the character for "metal" and this word suggests the forging of metal as in the process of creating a valuable sword. I am also reminded of the passage from Old Testament that speaks of the coming Messiah, thus: "for He is like a refiner's fire" Malachi 3:2.

Kyoshi: The next title is Kyoshi and is most commonly used in Japan as the word for classroom teacher. The characters for this term are: Kyo 教 meaning "teacher" or "doctrine" and Shi 師 meaning "expert". We may wish to think about this term as one who is an expert in the doctrine, knowing exactly how things should be done. They may be considered as the teachers who are particular about the details.

Shihan: Most often this term is defined as "master" of a particular discipline, be it martial arts, music, tea ceremony, medicine, flower arranging, etc. The characters are Shi 師 (as in Kyoshi) again, meaning "expert" and Han 範 meaning "pattern" or "model". We may think of the Shihan as the teacher upon whom others are modeled. The Shihan is like the mold into which plaster is poured in order to repeat a perfect item.

Hanshi: The title of Hanshi is usually reserved for those who have achieved an advanced level of mastery of a discipline. Formed by the characters Han 範 (as seen in Shihan) and Shi 士 (as seen in Renshi), this suggests one who is a "teacher of teachers". It is sometimes thought of as "grand master".

Dai Shihan: This title 大師範 means "great master". It is reserved for only a very few.

This is a brief description of the titles found on the certificates from the Okugi classes. One important note about such titles is that they should only be used in written form and should only be used as prefixes, such as "Tanaka Yoshimatsu Shihan". It would be inappropriate to use the titles as: "Renshi Yamada", "Kyoshi Williams", "Shihan Smith", etc.

What is Esoterica?

What is meant by "esoteric"?

In my book, Esoteric Principles: The Philosophy of Danzan-Ryū Jūjutsu (2010), my purpose was to plainly illustrate the source "Esoteric Principles of Judo" in the documents of Professor Okazaki and his Danzan-Ryū. This book was a follow-on of my earlier, Mokuroku and Kaidenshō: The Official Documents of Danzan-Ryū Jūjutsu (1996), in which I set out to provide a detailed line-by-line translation of the Kodenkan graduation scroll and special class certificate. My intent in this earlier book was to identify the esoteric principle verses, and this became the majority of the content of the 2010 book. In addition to this, the later book contains other Danzan-Ryū material.

In explaining the concept of esoterica, I wrote: 

The word “esoteric” comes from the Greek, “εσωτερικός” (esōterikós) that literally means “inner”. The connotation of this word is that if something is esoteric, it is held by and understood only by a select inner circle. An esoteric principle is thus a fundamental doctrine or tenet that is held as secret and reserved for only a few.

Throughout history, there have been many examples of this. In the Bible, we read that there a class of clerics who are the only ones permitted into the innermost parts of the temple. They are the high-priests and belong to a special class. They are able to go into the most holy part of the temple and commune directly with God. Outside of the temple, the priests gave the general public the outer, “exoteric” knowledge of their faith.

From this we may infer that these things are hidden from all but the elect. In truth, the secrets may not be readily discerned, but they are in plain sight.


Esoteric Principles may be purchased from:

https://www.createspace.com/3481487

 

Mokuroku and Kaidenshō may be purchased from:

 

https://www.createspace.com/3475633

 

Slap Your Teacher in the Face!

Who among you would do this?

(For the point of this discussion, I will not include those teachers who are abusive to their students. That's a whole other discussion.)

Instead, I am referring to a disturbing trend in our Danzan-Ryu community of students to show disrespect to their teachers by changing their allegiance without the proper protocol. By this I am referring to those individuals who change to another Sensei and train with them without first discussing this change with and receiving the approval of their original teacher. In traditional martial arts, this would never be tolerated.

If a student is considering a change of affiliation, the proper protocol would be this:

1. The student should deeply and carefully consider the change. They should fervently weigh both the positives and negatives of such an action before moving forward.

2. The student must personally contact their original teacher and discuss their reasons for wanting the change. This must be done before any changes are made.

3. The new teacher must personally contact the original teacher and discuss all issues surrounding the change. Again, this must be done before any changes are made.

4. The final decision would that of the original teacher. No alteration or variance is acceptable.

This may seem harsh to some. To them I would say to reverse the roles and consider the results. Again, consider the same situation in classical martial arts. What would happen to a classical martial arts student who did this without the proper authorization? And...to those who don't abide by or agree with that line of reasoning I would suggest that you may be practicing the wrong art. For a different perspective, consider what would happen to an Olympic athlete who switched coaches without due process.

In 1997, I began work (with the valuable initial help from Prof. Clyde Zimmerman) on a Danzan-Ryu lineage tree. The aim of this document was to illustrate the many black belts in our system and to identify from whom they received their initial ranking. In the majority of the entries, people listed the teacher who awarded them their Shodan, while only a very few listed their current Sensei.

What I have noticed is that there have been a number of Danzan-Ryu black belts who have changed affiliation from their original teacher as listed on the danzan.com lineage tree to someone else. I personally do not know why they did this or whether they received the appropriate authorization. If they did, so be it. If not, then I believe they are showing the highest disrespect to their teacher and, in effect, slapping them soundly across the face.

Notum Bene: I am personally not interested if you disagree with my assertions. I know this is still a free country for a little while longer, and people are allowed to do what they will. That still does not make it right.

Tough Words About Prof. Wally Jay

A couple of weeks ago, we all received the bad news about the passing of Prof. Wally Jay (1917-2011). To many people, Prof. Jay had been an influential propagator of his own unique brand of self-defense. From his studies of Judo and Jujitsu in the 1940s in Hawaii, he discovered how his techniques could be improved by the application of what he called "two-way action". (He was quick and open to give most of the credit for this to his Judo Instructor, Ken Kawachi.) This is principally done by the torqueing of the wrist when one is off-balancing an opponent, or applying a joint locking maneuver. Prof. Jay originally called his method "small circle theory", but later named his system Small Circle Jujitsu™ declaring that, "It's no longer a theory, but a fact!"

During most of his life, Prof. Jay, through his own initiative and study, honed and refined his method of Judo and Jujitsu into what we know today. During the 1960s, it was his "breaking with tradition" that allowed his Judo team to take many championships. Through seminars, books and videos, he opened up his method to the world. Many martial artists (Bruce Lee among them) sought him out so that their own techniques could be improved by his methods. It didn't matter whether you did Karate, Judo, Filipino martial arts or whatever. Everyone came away with something of value from Prof. Jay. It is indeed a true statement that the rise of interest in Jujitsu throughout the decade of the 1990s is primarily due to his efforts. Indeed, all of the practitioners of sportive Jujitsu and mixed martial arts owe him a great debt of honor.

During this decade of the 1990s, Prof. Jay realized that people were beginning to use his teachings, and improperly calling it their own. In July of 1994, he asked me to assist him in registering the name "Small Circle Jujitsu" with United States Patent and Trademark Office which I did gladly. He later reregistered this mark in 2000. Regardless of this, there were sporadic occurrences of people illicitly using this name. (On one occasion, a well-known martial arts instructor bragged to me that HE was the one that filed the trademark for Prof. Jay. Obviously unaware of the actual facts, I courteously, but firmly corrected him on this.)

As late as 2010, Prof. Jay took legal action against specific violators with mixed results. He wrote on his website, "It has been brought to our attention from our trademark attorneys that someone has chosen to trademark Small Circle Jujitsu for himself.  I have sent registered letters asking him to remove his claim of trademark because Small Circle Jujitsu is already trademarked for the Jay Family.  He has refused to accept my registered letters – this is unacceptable and needs to be rectified." 

Prof. Jay was the author of two popular books and many videos on his Jujitsu. Shortly after his passing, it was reported that one of his books was actually the idea of another person. Upon hearing this, his family was very upset and verified to this writer that the story was not true. While he was assisted by several people in the production of these books, it can be stated categorically that the content was original to Prof. Jay.

Throughout his life, Prof. Jay had affiliated himself with several martial arts organizations. From Prof. Okazaki's original Institute in Hawaii, to his own Small Circle Jujitsu organization, many people were attracted to these groups almost solely by his popularity. It is unfortunate that one organization took the action of removing his name from their logo several years ago. Shortly after this happened, his wife Bernice told this writer, "He's not even dead yet and they're trying to take him off the patch." This was particularly distasteful of that organization.

As we prepare to memorialize Prof. Jay on Sunday, June 26, 2011, we all need to be mindful that many of the things we have learned in Jujitsu are directly attributable to him. We need to be honest about where these things came from and how we attained them. After the passing of many great martial art teachers, there have been those who came out of the woodwork and made claims that were simply untrue. To say you were a student of Prof. Jay requires some scrutiny. Did you regularly, on a weekly basis, for many years attend classes at his dojo in Alameda? On the other hand, did your instruction come from attending seasonal seminars in various places around the world? If you are in the former category, it can be rightfully said that you were a true student of Prof. Wally Jay. If you're in the latter category, you are fortunate for the experience but you should not attribute more than what you have. In addition, we all need to be mindful that Prof. Jay's signature on a diploma does not necessarily mean that he was your instructor or even knew how skillful you are. In many cases, he only did this as a witness on the certificate. Likewise, having your photograph taken with him at a camp or a convention does not necessarily imply any special relationship.

What I have shared here are indeed, tough words and may be seen as inappropriate at this time. I disagree, and indeed I was asked to write this by his family. Sometimes after a great teacher has passed away, false claims are made. As Prof. Jay often said, "If you let a lie go for long enough, it becomes the truth." Too many times, we remain silent so as not to make waves and rock the boat. I hope the reader of this will honor Prof. Wally Jay's memory by steadfastly maintaining the truth.

Kufferath 2011 International Martial Arts Symposium

More than a year ago, Sig Kufferath’s daughter Leslee had the vision to honor her father’s memory by celebrating what would have been his 100th birthday. She wanted to bring a group of his students, friends and others together for an event of training and sharing. This is indeed what happened at the Santa Clara (CA) Marriott on the weekend of March 25-27, 2011.

Professor Sig Kufferath (1911-1999) had been a senior student of Danzan-Ryu Jujutsu founder from 1937 until Okazaki’s passing in 1951. During that time, he and his partner Bing-Fai Lau ran Jujutsu classes at both the Kaheka Lane and the Kodenkan Dojo’s in Honolulu. After the founder’s passing, the American Jujitsu Institute elected Sig to be the next Professor of the system in 1952. He continued to teach in Honolulu until 1957 when he moved his family to the San Francisco Bay area. On the mainland, Sig established his school and trained many students in both Jujutsu and massage until his death in 1999.

Leslee Kufferath, along with assistance of Hans Ingebretsen and others organized the 3-day event of martial art seminars and a Saturday evening Hawaiian luau buffet. There were more than 50 instructors including formers students of Sig, prominent U.S. martial artists, and a contingent of international teachers from England, Spain, Portugal, Kuwait and elsewhere. There were eight mats for adult and children’s classes, as well as a special room for therapeutic massage.

Most of the seminars went off without a hitch with students gaining valuable knowledge. Two unfortunate incidents, however, did occur. In one seminar, an exceedingly careless instructor was responsible for a student being thrown on his shoulder, breaking his collarbone and causing him to be taken to the hospital. In another distasteful display, an instructor publicly berated and challenged one of the seminar students without cause. Unfortunately, this unsuspecting student happened to be the son of one of Sig’s oldest students. In both of these cases, the instructors had studied with Sig and no doubt, he would not have been pleased. 

Despite these, the symposium was generally enjoyed by the attendees. In addition to the hundreds of students, several special guests attended, including: Sig’s son Bruce Kufferath, Sig’s grandson Scott, Professor Liebert O’Sullivan, Great Grandmaster Al Novak, Senior Professor John Congistre and Professor Rory Rebmann.

A Report from the Field

I recently attended the 2011 AJJF National Convention and wanted to share a few observations.

The venue was the San Ramon Marriott (San Ramon, CA) which was also the site of some previous conventions including the bellwether 1998 Ohana. As in the past, the convention was expertly hosted by Professor Rory Rebmann and his very capable team from Amador Judo and Jujitsu Studio. In addition, many other aspects were seamlessly handled by the well-organized committees of the AJJF. Before I address some other topics, it is important to note that the banquet meal was very good. The chicken was very fresh, the vegetables were tasty and the dessert was outstanding. It is sometimes said that people forget much of what is said during a banquet, but they remember the food!

This convention had an interesting variance from the norm. For the first time in recent memory, classes were taught only by AJJF Professors and in a few cases by AJJF non-Professor Rokudans. The decision to do this was apparently one made by the Board of Professors (BoP) during a meeting last year. Ostensibly, their reason to do this was to showcase the talents of the BoP alone. I asked some of the Professors whether this decision was related to some issues that arose prior to the previous year's convention. These issues stemmed from an AJJF member on the teaching roster, who was not an AJJF Professor, making some complaints about how some other convention instructors would be addressed. From the responses of several Professors, it is not clear whether this played any part in the this year's teaching roster. Regardless, the classes held this year were excellent and very well received.

One issue that had been on many people's mind was the structure of the organization in its leadership. Over the previous couple of years, some changes to the fundamental understanding of and corrections to the Danzan-Ryu kata and their translations had been brought about by some leading members of the BoP. While some were open to this change, there was and continues to be a segment of the organization that is very vocal in their opposition to this. It is noteworthy that, shortly after this reformation effort, some unrelated charges were brought against the leadership questioning their ethics. At this year's convention, some wondered who would attend and who wouldn't. The accused member was in attendance and participated in the events. While a final decision by the BoP on this matter is pending, the organization has gone forward with some reorganization of their board. The new Senior Professor was announced to be Professor John Congistre, Judan and student of Professor Ray Law. In addition, Professor Dennis Estes was announced as President of the organization. This is a position that is required for the AJJF status as a non-profit organization. Also, it was announced that individual members of the BoP would be responsible for a variety of specific tasks.

One part of the convention that is eagerly anticipated every year are the black belt promotions. I was particularly interested in the new Shodans because of my work with the Danzan-Ryu Lineage Tree. This year, more than 70 names were announced for all of the rank promotions from first through fifth rank. Congratulations to all. I was curious, however, that no ranks above Godan were announced since this has normally occurred in past years. While I was not given any definitive reason for this, some speculation was that the recent reorganization may have necessitated maintaining the status quo.

As a final observation, I would like to address the fundamental foundation of any Jujutsu class...the mats! In previous conventions, the mats used for classes have ranged from vinyl wrestling mats, hard plastic jigsaw puzzle mats, two-inch foam mats, 2 millimeter nothing mats and even authentic tatami. The mats used this year were, by far, the best ones I have seen at any convention. They were the Swain Flexi-Roll© System with a Tatami surface. In my opinion, they had just the right amount of balance of firmness and give. They also were much easily transportable than other mat systems I has seen. Good job on choosing this type of mat for the convention.

Color Okazaki Picture Usage

The image seen here is currently on the opening page of my website, The Danzan-Ryū Jūjutsu Homepage. I created this image by taking a scan of the original 1941 graduation photo of Steven J. Byzek and through many hours of work created this colorized version. It is for use ONLY on my website and publications and no other usage is permitted. 

Since posting this image on my website, I have encountered several instances where people have used this image without expressed permission much less without giving me the proper credit. Here are three examples:

• I walked into a Dojo and saw this picture prominently displayed at the Shomen.

• I attended a national convention where many 8.5" X 11" copies of this image were distributed to the seminar classrooms at the hotel.

• I recently purchased a video that was emblazened with this image cover. 

None of these were authorized.

Let me make this clear. This image is not for use outside of my website and publications, unless I have given expressed written permission to do so. To date, I have not issued this to anyone. If you are using this image in any way, please cease any such use immediately.